What can an HOA do about unauthorized parking?

Quick answer. An HOA can issue a written warning, levy a fine under its CC&Rs, place a vehicle on a watchlist, and ultimately tow at the owner's expense — provided the vehicle is on common-area HOA property, the policy was properly adopted and noticed, and required signage is posted (most states mandate signage at every entrance before a tow is enforceable). Public-street parking is a city/police matter, not an HOA matter.

The escalation ladder

1. Friendly warning. Door-hanger or windshield notice with photo and deadline. Required in most states for first-time violations.
2. Citation with fine. Typical first-offense fines: $50–$150. Notice must be in writing, must reference the specific CC&R section, and must offer a hearing (14-30 days).
3. Watchlist + escalating fines. Re-offending vehicles trigger automatic higher fines ($250-$500); gate stays closed.
4. Tow. Vehicles blocking access, in fire lanes, or with unpaid fines past threshold can be towed. Most states require posted signage at every entrance.
5. Lien. Unpaid fines can be added to the unit owner's account and ultimately attached as a lien against the unit.

What's legally required before enforcing

Five things: (1) CC&Rs authorize the restriction and fine schedule; (2) members were given written notice; (3) signage is posted at every entrance; (4) board can produce a written record of the violation (photo, plate, date/time, location); (5) a written process for contesting fines is in place. Missing any of these can void enforcement. SmartLotIQ generates the photo+plate+timestamp+GPS evidence record automatically.